{"id":12223,"date":"2026-03-12T03:46:50","date_gmt":"2026-03-12T03:46:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/depocen.org\/?post_type=book&p=12223"},"modified":"2026-03-12T03:47:48","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T03:47:48","slug":"song-bac-khi-hau","status":"publish","type":"book","link":"https:\/\/depocen.org\/vi\/book\/song-bac-khi-hau\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u00f2ng b\u1ea1c kh\u00ed h\u1eadu"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau: t\u1eeb tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3ng l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201ctr\u00f2 l\u1eeba b\u1ecbp\u201d, cho \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh bi quan r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u201cNg\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf kh\u00ed h\u1eadu\u201d. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 William Nordhaus cho th\u1ea5y trong cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch S\u00f2ng B\u1ea1c Kh\u00ed H\u1eadu, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n logic – n\u01a1i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c qua l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5m l\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u1ea5t tr\u1ef1c quan – nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u201chai h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t – \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khoa h\u1ecdc n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 CO2, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft – kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng sinh h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Nordhaus ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf: \u00f4ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ph\u00ed – l\u1ee3i \u00edch, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1 carbon, b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a thu\u1ebf carbon so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra v\u00ec sao ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kh\u00ed h\u1eadu lu\u00f4n kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u2013 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, chi ph\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng – k\u1ebb thua, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi gai g\u00f3c: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u00ec sao? Li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ch\u00fang ta? V\u00e0 x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cb\u1ea5t ng\u1edd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c\u201d trong n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau?
\n\u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch mang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00ean, m\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Khi c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt r\u1ee7i ro h\u01a1n cho h\u00e0nh tinh v\u00e0 cho ch\u00ednh th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t – v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong tay.<\/p>\n

(TS. Ho\u00e0ng Xu\u00e2n Trung – Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i)<\/p>\n

\n