This paper highlights some features in terms of informality and heterogeneity of the rural non-farm household enterprises in Vietnam. Multivariate data analysis is applied to the data set of Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey in 2004. The results show that informality is largely explained by firm size, initial capital, and economic outcomes. Cluster analysis is, then, used to identify economic typology of rural non-farm household enterprises. Five distinct groups are identified from the analysis, showing big differentials from one another in terms of economic activities and outcomes, linkages to social networks, and heads of enterprise characteristics. The results are the first-ever empirical evidence on informality and heterogeneity of the rural non-farm household enterprises in Vietnam, which are valuable for policy responses.